Pipe and pressure vessels

 Pipes

• Purpose: Transport fluids (liquids, gases, slurries) under pressure or flow.
• Materials: Steel, copper, PVC, HDPE, etc.
• Standards: ASME B31.1 (Power piping), B31.3 (Process piping), etc.
• Components:
• Pipes
• Fittings (elbows, tees, reducers)
• Valves
• Flanges and gaskets
• Design Considerations:
• Pressure and temperature
• Flow rate
• Material compatibility
• Corrosion resistance

 Pressure Vessels

• Purpose: Hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from ambient pressure.
• Common Uses:
• Boilers
• Heat exchangers
• Reactors
• Storage tanks
• Materials: Carbon steel, stainless steel, composites
• Design Codes: ASME Section VIII (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code)
• Key Parts:
• Shell
• Heads (end caps)
• Nozzles
• Supports (saddles, skirts)
• Safety Features:
• Pressure relief valves
• Burst discs
• Inspection ports