Animal Health E-Lesson: Perform Systemic Examination

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Image Sources

Materials, Tools, and Equipment for Animal Systematic Examination

Materials, Tools, and Equipment

• Speculum: “Vaginal speculum, Russian bovine pattern”  by Hall, S.A is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Step 4: Head to Toe Examination

• Cat with Leucosis (pale mucous membrane): "File:Feline-Leucosis.jpg" by Uwe Gille is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
• Red (congested) mucous membrane: "File:Ocular Mucous Membrane.jpg" by Kpotter is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
• Yellow mucous membrane: Figure 1: Kernicterus in a dog. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. From Kernicterus in an Adult Dog by Sonne, L., Raymundo, D. L., de Cecco, B. S., Santos, A. da S., Pescador, C. A., de Oliveira, E. C., & Driemeier, D. (2018). Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 46, 3. 
• Cyanosed mucous membrane: Figure 1: Cyanosis of cat 1 with hereditary methemoglobinemia (A-C) and a healthy non-cyanotic cat (D-F). Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. From Clinical, metabolic, and genetic characterization of hereditary methemoglobinemia caused by cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency in cats. by Jaffey, J.A., Reading, N.S., Giger, U., et al. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:2725-2731. 

Additional Sources

Checking Vital Signs